This site is provided as a resource for people who find it difficult or impossible to urinate in the presence of others, either in their own home or in public facilities. Also, for people who have difficulty under the stress of time pressure, when being observed, when others are close by and might hear them, or when traveling on moving vehicles. The International Paruresis Association (IPA) was founded in 1996 to raise public awareness about paruresis, provide support, and give out the latest information.  Most of IPA’s members and leadership are treatment professionals, people suffering from paruresis or recovering from it, and their loved ones.  Membership is open to anyone touched by paruresis as well as those with an interest in supporting others with paruresis, advocating for their rights, and advancing scientific knowledge about the disorder.